<span>Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War. Though the Union victory had given some 4 million slaves their freedom, the question of freed blacks’ status in the postwar South was still very much unresolved. Under black codes, many states required blacks to sign yearly labor contracts; if they refused, they risked being arrested, fined and forced into unpaid labor. Outrage over black codes helped undermine support for President Andrew Johnson and the Republican Party.</span>
Created Ukrainian collectives
OK my friend so basically new political structures grew because they relied on the help of wealth and mercenaries
There were 5 great achievements, but one of them were Architecture. The ancient Romans developed many new techniques for buildings and construction of all types including concrete, Roman roads, Roman arches, and aqueducts, which evolved their time period.