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1 year ago

Neural control of gfr is mediated by that innervate receptors on vascular smooth muscle causing

1 answer:

8 0

Neural control of GFR is mediated by Sympathetic neurons that innervate alpha receptors on vascular smooth muscle causing Vasoconstriction.

<h3>How is GFR regulated?</h3>

The sympathetic division of the nervous system regulates the GFR or Glomerular Filtration Rate.
GFR is the sum total of filtration rates of all the working nephrons in the kidney.
Sympathetic division comes into action when the mean arterial pressure is very low (below 80mmHg).
In response to low blood pressure, the medulla releases norepinephrine through sympathetic nerves.
Norepinephrine leads to activation of alpha receptors on arteries which cause vasoconstriction.
Alpha receptors are more abundant on afferent arterioles.
This leads to vasoconstriction (narrowing) of arteries supplying to the glomerulus.
This decreases blood flow to glomerulus, leading to decrease in GFR.

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The bones from an animal found at an archaeological dig have a C614 activity of 0.10 Bq per gram of carbon. The half-life of C61

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C14 is an isotope used in radiocarbon dating techniques to date organic matter remains. The age of these bones is approximately<u> 6890 years.</u>

<h3>What is Carbon 14?</h3>

Carbon 14, also known as radiocarbon, is a radioactive carbon isotope.

Isotopes are the atoms of the same element -carbon- that vary in neutrons and, hence, in their massic number. They are alternative forms of the same element.

The radioactive C14 nucleus contains 6 protons and 8 neutrons and has a half-life of 5730 years.

The term half-life is a reference. It means that an organism that has been dead for 5730 years has half the C14 amount or concentration than the same organism had when it was alive.

Knowing the half-life of an element is useful to determine the age of the dead matter.

C14 is used in radiocarbon dating techniques or methods to estimate the age of fossils. This is a reliable technique used for dating organic samples that are less than 50,000 years old.

<u>Available data</u>:

The half-life of C14 is 5730 years
Bones activity of 0.10 Bq per gram of carbon

To answer this question we can make use of the following equation

Ln (C14T₁/C14 T₀) = - λ T₁

Where,

C14 T₀ ⇒ Amount of carbon in a living body. We know, by bibliography, that living organism activity is 0.23 Bq per gram of carbon. So, C14 T₀ = 0.23 Bq/g

C14T₁ ⇒ Amount of carbon in the dead body. C14T₁ = 0.1 Bq/g

λ ⇒ radioactive decay constant = (Ln2)/T₀,₅

T₀,₅ ⇒ The half-life of carbon 14 = 5730 years

T₀ = Time when the organism was alive

T₁ = Age of bones

Let us first calculate the radioactive decay constant.

λ = (Ln2)/T₀,₅

λ = 0.693/5730

Now, let us calculate the first term in the equation

Ln (C14T₁/C14 T₀) = Ln (0.1/0.23) = Ln 0.4347 =<u> - 0.833</u>

Finally, let us replace the terms, clear the equation, and calculate the value of T₁.

Ln (C14T₁/C14 T₀) = - λ T₁

- 0.833 = - 0.0001209 x T₁

T₁ = - 0.833 / - 0.0001209

T₁ = 6889.99 ≅ <u>6890 years</u>

The bones are approximately<u> 6890 years.</u>

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3 years ago

Neural control of gfr is mediated by ________ that innervate ________ receptors on vascular smooth muscle causing ________

Neural control of gfr is mediated by that innervate receptors on vascular smooth muscle causing