Explanation:
valence electron, any of the fundamental negatively charged particles in the outermost region of atoms that enters into the formation of chemical bonds. Whatever the type of chemical bond (ionic, covalent, metallic) between atoms, changes in the atomic structure are restricted to the outermost, or valence, electrons.
Respiration
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Answer:
Water has the property of cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion provides the property of water to get attached with other water molecules and it holds water molecules together, adherence provides the property of stickiness to any surface to the water molecule.
These two properties together allow water molecules to move upwards against gravity. Water moves by capillary action through the water column. Cohesion and adhesion create a pull on the column which transport the water towards the leaves from where they get evaporated.
This evaporation then causes tension on another water molecule and this tension then pulls another water molecule towards leaves.
The citric acid cycle is the second step of cellular respiration also known as the Krebs cycle. By the end of this reaction 2 atp will have been formed.
Answer:
phages are non-living biological entities that can produce numerous copies of themselves, forming ordered three-dimensional structures on a nanometre scale
Explanation:
A phage (i.e., a bacteriophage), is a virus capable of infecting and replicating within bacteria. Bacteriophages are composed of proteins forming a capsid that encapsulates the genetic material (either DNA or RNA genome), which may contain a variable number of genes. Bacteriophages, and viruses in general, can be considered nanomachines capable of producing numerous copies of themselves with high fidelity by utilizing the molecular machinery of the host bacterial cell. In biotechnology, it has been proposed to exploit the knowledge about bacteriophage reproduction to design diverse nanostructures.
