Answer:
<u>Advantages</u>
Dividends
These are payments to shareholders as a way to share the profits the company has accumulated.
This is an advantage to the issuing company because they are usually not under any obligation to pay Dividends with respect to common Equity. As a result profits can be plowed back into the company to increase profitability.
Repaid
This refers to the fact that shareholders do not have to be repaid for their investment like debt holders are. Stock Holders bought a piece of the company instead of loaning money to the company so they do not have to be paid back. This is an advantage because it frees up Cashflow for the company as well as allowing it to maintain a better credit rating due to lower debts.
Future Buy-Back
This is a clause inherent in most shares. It means that the Issuing company can choose to buy back the stock at a given time in future.
This is an Advantage because it allows the Issuing company to regain control of the company at a future date.
<u>Disadvantages</u>.
Shareholders
Shareholders are people or entities who buy shares in the Issuing company. As such, they are owners in the company and have voting rights on decisions that the company makes. This is a disadvantage because it means loss of Independence for the company who now legally have to take the opinions of shareholders into account.
Net Profit After Tax
This is money that the company has after paying off interests and then taxes. This is the money that the company retains. Having shareholders means that a company may have to pay shareholders from this amount instead of retaining all of it thereby making it at a disadvantage to the Issuing company.
One Vote per Share
This means that every shareholder has a vote for every share they hold in the company. This means that Shareholders therefore have a say in the affairs of the company. This is a disadvantage to the Issuing company because it means a loss of Independence for them when decisions need to be made.
Answer:
a. multinational
Explanation:
Analyzing the options given:
Multinational: A company that has a presence in more than one country and have a central management but tries to adapt its offering to the local market.
International: Refers to importers and exporters which don't have investments out of their home market.
Global: Companies that have a presence in many markets and they establish a single strategy to market the products in all the countries.
Transnational: Companies that are present in different markets that have a structure that is decentralized with bases and management in different place where it operates.
According to this, the structure that requires a higher level of standardization for global efficiency, and yet it must maintain local responsiveness is a multinational company because these organizations have a main office but they also adapt to each market.
The answer of the above question is
Answer: $687.10
Explanation:
The value of a bond is the present value of the bond's coupon payments plus the present value of the bond's par value at maturity.
First convert terms to semi-annual periods as the coupon rate is semi annual:
Coupon payment = (1,000 * 8.75%) / 2 = $43.75
Required return = 13% / 2 = 6.5%
Number of periods = 25 * 2 = 50 semi annual periods
The coupon payment is an annuity so the value of the bond is:
= Present value of annuity + Present value of par
= (43.75 * ( 1 - (1 + 6.5%) ⁻⁵⁰) / 6.5%) + 1,000 / ( 1 + 6.5%)⁵⁰
= $687.10
