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2 years ago

A concentration gradient exists in a solution when the concentration of solutes in the solution is.

1 answer:

3 0

When the concentration of solutes in one part of a solution is more than the concentration of solutes in another part of the solution, a concentration gradient is said to exist.

Concentration gradient can be demonstrated by adding salt to a glass of water. At first, not every part of the water is salty, only the region where the salt was added. Here, a concentration gradient exists. Overtime, the Na+ and Cl- move down the concentration gradient, making the salt concentration throughout the water equal.

In nature, cells use concentration gradient to store energy. Concentration gradient also helps to facilitate movement and transport within and out of the cell through osmosis and diffusion.

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Briefly describe bohr's model postulates and its limitations.

ch4aika [34]

Answer:

Bohr's Model postulates-

I postulate - The electrons in an atom orbit around the nucleus in definite circular paths called orbits or shells.

II Postulate - Each shell or orbit represents a specific amount of energy.

III Postulate - By emitting or absorbing energy, an electron may shift from one stationary energy orbit to another.

Three main Limitations -

1- It adjusts to the hydrogen atom's spectrum but not to the spectra of other atoms.

2 - In the definition of the electron as a tiny particle that spins around the atomic nucleus, the wave properties of the electron are not described.

3- Bohr is unable to understand why classical electromagnetism is inapplicable to his model. That is why, when electrons are in a stationary orbit, they do not emit electromagnetic radiation.

Explanation:

About Bohr's postulates-

1 - The electron spins in circling circles around the nucleus, emitting no energy. The orbital angular momentum is constant in these orbits.

Only certain radii of orbits, corresponding to certain given energy levels, are required for electrons in an atom.

2- Not every orbit is possible. However, whenever an electron is in a legal orbit, it is in a state of unique and constant energy and does not emit energy (stationary energy orbit).

For example - The energies allowed for electrons in the hydrogen atom are given by the following equation: The Rydberg constant for the hydrogen atom is $-2.8\times10^-^1^8$ in this equation, and n = quantum number will range from 1 to ∞. For each of the values of n, the electron energies of a hydrogen atom produced by the above equation are negative. As n rises, the energy becomes less negative and thus rises.

3- By emitting or absorbing energy, an electron may shift from one stationary energy orbit to another.

The energy difference between the two states would be equal to the energy released or consumed. This energy E is in the form of a photon, and it can be measured using the following formula:

$E=h$ $v$

E is the energy (absorbed or emitted) in this equation, and h is the Planck constant (its value is $6.63\times10^-^3^4 Js$ ) and v denotes the frequency of light, which is calculated in 1/ s.

8 0

2 years ago

Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the reaction equation Zn ( s ) + 2 HCl ( aq ) ⟶ ZnCl 2 ( aq ) + H 2 ( g ) How ma

Katen [24]

Answer: 12.0 milliliters of 6.50 M HCl ( aq ) are required to react with 2.55 g Zn.

Explanation:

moles = $\frac{\text {given mass}}{\text {Molar mass}}$

moles of zinc = $\frac{2.55g}{65.38g/mol}=0.0390moles$

The balanced chemical equation is :

$Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)\rightarrow ZnCl_2(aq)+H_2(g)$

According to stoichiometry:

1 mole of zinc reacts with = 2 moles of HCl

Thus 0.0390 moles of zinc reacts with = $\frac{2}{1}\times 0.0390=0.0780$ moles of HCl

To calculate the volume for given molarity, we use the equation:

$\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Moles of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Volume of solution in ml}}$ .....(1)

Molarity of $HCl$ solution = 6.50 M

Volume of solution = ?

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$6.50M=\frac{0.0780\times 1000}{\text{Volume of solution in ml}}$

${\text{Volume of solution in ml}}=12.0ml$

Thus 12.0 ml of 6.50 M HCl ( aq ) are required to react with 2.55 g Zn

3 0

3 years ago

analysis of a 12.04g sample of liquid compound compoed of carbon,hydrogen and nitrogen showed it to contain 7.34g carbon ,1.85g

SVEN [57.7K]

Answer:

Nskalakababiakviaug

4 0

3 years ago

Why does permeable rock weather more than less permeable rock

Dafna11 [192]

Permeable means that a material is full of tiny, connected airspaces that allows water to seep through it.

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Assuming that both cases describe hydrogen‑like atoms with one electron, for which case is more energy emitted or absorbed?

Nana76 [90]

Assuming that both cases describe hydrogen‑like atoms with one electron, More energy is emitted or absorbed for case 2. The correct option is D.

<h3>What is emitting of energy, by electron?</h3>

The energy of the electron decreases as it changes levels, and emission of photons happens in the atom.

With the electron moving from a higher to a lower energy level, the photon is emitted. The photon's energy is the same as the energy lost by an electron moving to a lower energy level.

Thus, the correct option is D, More energy is emitted or absorbed for case 2.

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5 0

1 year ago