I think the answer is A, charged :))
So secularism are things related to worldy ideas and events. The Renaissance was a time when lots of secular ideas developed. So some secular ideas in the Renaissance were interest in learning and the arts, study of the Greek and Roman language, and the belief to change the world for the better. Hope this helps.
Answer: This is a "CONTROLLED PLACEBO EXPERIMENT".
Explanation: A controlled placebo experiment is a type of research method that is used to check the effectiveness of a drug in a patient. This is done by selecting a sample group, then randomly divide the two group into a placebo group ( this are the group that will receive the drug treatment ) and the controlled group( these are the group that will receive a coloured mixture that looks like the drug, but does not have any effect). Without the groups knowledge about the real drugs and the coloured mixture, but are followed up and tested.
This is a controlled placebo experiment, because 400 student has been choosed as the sample, and are divided into a placebo group and a controlled group, to check the effectiveness of a drug on their memory.
Answer: It is Sparta. Inside Spartan society there were three social groups. Nonia obviously belonged to second group, so-called Perioeci, who were free people, but had no political rights inside the state itself.