The answer is b. competing species Biotic means living .
The thoracic infections are mainly caused by the<em> Streptococcus milleri </em>bacteria.
The symptoms of these conditions may not be detected at an early stage. But, the presence of the bacteria may result in malodorous breaths.
In case, the patient is detected with the intrathoracic infections, a foul odour can be easily detected in the breath.
So, the nurse should check for the presence of foul odour.
The structure of the lipid bilayer allows small, uncharged substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, and hydrophobic molecules such as lipids, to pass through the cell membrane, down their concentration gradient, by simple diffusion.
