The null hypothesis makes a claim about population parameter. A null hypothesis is a statement about the value of a population parameter. So the correct answer is (a).
An example of a null hypothesis is one that asserts that no statistical significance can be found in a collection of provided observations. A hypothesis is tested using sample data to determine how plausible it is. It is represented as H0 and is occasionally referred to as simply the "null." To determine if a theory regarding markets, investment methods, or economies is correct or wrong, quantitative analysts employ the null hypothesis, often known as the conjecture. The alternate theory contends that there is a distinction.
Therefore correct answer is (a).
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Answer:
The more power the empire inherits, they often become blind sighted when it comes to making the right decisions. The higher up in the ranks, the more privilege you receive, the lower in the ranks you are, you often receive neglect. The oblivious leaders are eventually overthrown by their people, or often times citizens created fights among each other.
Answer:
The left side of the equation will result in a rational number, which could be a non-perfect square.
Explanation:
According to the Pythagorean theorem, the sum of the squares of the legs of a right triangle is equal to the square of the hypotenuse.
Take 
As 
, 
Here, 29 is not a perfect square.
So, c is irrational.
If a is a rational number and b is a rational number, c could be an irrational number as the left side of the equation will result in a rational number, which could be a non-perfect square.
Silk road trade route
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