Stroke volume is influenced by three factors: contractility, preload, and afterload.
Stroke Volume :
The amount of blood, measured in milliliters, that is ejected from each ventricle as a result of the heart's muscle contracting and compressing these ventricles is known as the stroke volume (SV).
Preload, afterload, and contractility are the three main factors that control SV :
Contractility is defined as the force of myocyte contraction, also known as the heart's inotropy. Increasing the contractility of the heart, as occurs during exercise, generally increases stroke volume.
Preload is an umbrella term for all of the factors that contribute to passive muscle tension in muscles at rest. Preload is the end-diastolic passive ventricular wall stress that is proportional to the end-diastolic volume. In general, increasing the preload causes an increase in stroke volume.
Afterload is commonly related to myocardial wall stress during systolic ejection. An increase in afterload, for example, in people with chronic high blood pressure, generally results in a decrease in stroke volume. In conclusion, stroke volume can be increased by increasing contractility or preload or decreasing the afterload.
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