<span>If the actual rate is higher than the natural rate, the economy is in a recession (also know as a slump).
... by definition there is a recession.</span>
The competitive environment and consideration set themselves are further quantitative metrics of brand awareness. You can accomplish this by outlining your brand and the brands of your rivals, then asking people to rate their familiarity with each brand on a qualitative scale ranging from "well known" to "totally unknown."
<h2>What is the role of quantitative research?</h2>
- Quantitative research is beneficial since it offers precise numbers for comparison and referencing. We occasionally collaborate with Research, a California-based market research company, to assist us in designing and putting into practice quantitative research tactics since we have faith in their knowledge in this field.
- We can confidently identify trends, quantify feelings and behaviors, and comprehend the perception of a destination brand based on information from a representative sample of the area's population by conducting statistically accurate, multi-modal surveys (or a regional population if doing competitive or key market research).
<h2>What is the role of qualitative research?</h2>
- Comparatively, qualitative research is far more subtle. Instead of stating an actual reality, it "summarizes and infers." Qualitative research sheds light on the history of your brand and the people it stands for, while quantitative research serves the purpose of giving you the hard data you need to support your decisions.
Learn more about Qualitative research at <u><em>brainly.com/question/13498255?referrer=searchResults</em></u>
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<span>Reduction in a nation's labor force would long-run aggregate supply curse to the left, representing a reduction in labor. This would tend to drive up labor costs over time. Presumably, the demand curve would remain static in the short-term.
However, such a reduction would also impact the nation's consumption and thereby reduce the demand for products. This would in turn drive a decreased demand for labor (leftward shift) and apply downward pressure to wages.
The answer to this depends on whether the questions is regarding short-term, medium-term or long-term labor supply/demand curve.</span>
Answer:
$27,175
Explanation:
Year 1
Sales $62,500
Depreciation $8,000
Operating Cost $25,000
Total Expense <u>($33,000)</u>
Income Before tax $29,500
Tax 35% <u>($10,325)</u>
Net Income <u>$19,175</u>
Interest Expense is not relevant to the project, It is a financing decision which will not be part of project calculation.
As the Net income includes the deduction of non cash item of depreciation. so, it will be added back to calculate the cash flow.
Cash Flow in year 1 = Net Income + Depreciation = $19,175 + $8,000 = $27,175
The after-tax cost of debt is 6.28%. Subtract a company's effective tax rate from one and multiply the difference by its cost of debt to calculate its after-tax cost of debt.
<h3>What is After-tax cost?</h3>
- After-tax cost denotes the actual costs less an amount equal to the combined federal and state income tax savings relating to the deductibility of said costs for federal and state tax purposes in the year in which such costs are incurred.
- WACC represents a company's average after-tax cost of capital from all sources, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and other forms of debt.
- WACC is the average interest rate that a company anticipates paying to finance its assets. The pre-tax cost of debt must be tax-affected because interest is tax-deductible, effectively creating a "tax shield" that is, interest expense reduces a company's taxable income (earnings before taxes, or EBT).
Therefore,
The after-tax cost of debt is 6.28%.
FV = -$1,000
PMT = -$100
N = 20 years
PV = $1,098 before including flotation costs; $1,098×(1-.05) = $1,043.10 after including flotation costs.
Compute I/Y = 9.511%
After-tax cost of debt = 9.511%×(1-.34) = 6.28%
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