When a nucleophile replaces the diazonium group, nitrogen gas bursts out of the reaction mixture in a very quick and effective reaction.
<h3>The high reactivity of diazonium salts: why?</h3>
Diazonium salts can be thought of as self-reactive in the sense that they are generally high energy materials that can decompose violently when subjected to heat or mechanical force (shock-sensitive). The diazo functional group is linked to a reaction enthalpy of between -160 and -180 kJ/mol.
They are used to create dyed fabrics and are useful in the dye and pigment industries. They can be used to create a wide range of chemical molecules, particularly aryl derivatives.
Because the dinitrogen molecule is so highly stable in the atmosphere, the diazonium ion is one of the best leaving groups in organic chemistry.
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