Carbon forms stable multiple bonds.
<h3>About Carbon atom:</h3>
- The name ‘carbon’ comes from the Latin word called ‘carbo’ which is called charcoal.
it is the 4th and the most abundant element in the world. And it is the second most abundant element in our body (2nd is Oxygen).
- Carbon has 6 as an Atomic Number.
- The symbol of Carbon is 'C"
- 6proton'
- 6electron
- 6neutron
- carbon atom is considered to be the most special and unique because of it's property that it can bond with other carbon atoms to an almost unlimited degree.
<h3>Physical properties of carbon:</h3>
- diamond and graphite are the two major allotropes of carbon.
- diamond has a property which shows that it is transparent and is colourless.
- While graphite is opaque and black in colour.
- Diamond is one of the hardest substance known .
- While graphite is soft and spongy in texture
- diamond is not able to conduct electricity at all.
- While graphite is a very good conductor of electricity.
- Both allotropic elements are solid, non-gaseous
- on heating it, it does not melt, it sublimes which means that it turns to gaseous form
<h3>Uses of carbon in daily life:</h3>
- 18% of Human Body consist of Carbon.
- Sugar, glucose, proteins etc. are all made of carbon.
- The food we eat contains an important source of energy called carbohydrate.
- Carbon is used as jewellery when it is in diamond form.
- It is also used in batteries.
- Lead of a pencil is formed by Graphite..
- Carbon is used in one of the very important process which is known as "carbon dating". From this we can actually use carbon14 to measure the age of things. Scientists use a rare form of carbon which is called Carbon-14 for measuring the age of fossils, bones etc.
a) Carbon atoms form covalent rather than ionic :
- The most important reason for the bond to be covalent is it's nature of tetravalency, which means that Carbon consist of 4 electrons in its valence shell.
- Electronic Configuration of Carbon= 1s²2s²2p²
- This clearly implies the deficiency of 4 electrons for completing its octet .
Now,
In the process of formation of Ionic Bond, gain or loss of electrons takes place.
So, Carbon has two options available either it can gain 4 electrons or can lose 4 electrons in order to form anion and cation respectively.
Since, Both of these possibilities are together not possible.
Hence, in order to complete octet , Carbon used to share 4 electrons with any element rather than it form an ion . And sharing electrons will helps both the atoms for completing the octet.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that, Carbon forms Covalent bonds rather than the ionic bond.
b) Carbon has 4 valence electrons, so it can achieve a full outer energy level by forming four covalent bonds.
When it bonds only with hydrogen, it forms compounds called hydrocarbons.
Carbon can form single, double or triple covalent bonds with other atoms in order to complete its octet.
d) The carbon atom is unique among elements as it has tendency to form extensive networks of covalent bonds not only with other elements but with carbon itself. Moreover out of all the elements in the second row, carbon has the maximum number of outer shell electrons (i.e four). which make it capable of forming covalent bonds.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that, Carbon bonds to itself more extensively than does any other element.
e) Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell. These four electrons are available to the carbon atom to form bonds with other atoms or carbon itself.
Carbon, using the four valence electrons, has an ability to form multiple bonds as double and triple.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that, Carbon forms stable multiple bonds.
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Disclaimer: The question given was incomplete on portal, Here is the complete question.
Question: Explain each statement in terms of atomic properties:
(a) Carbon engages in covalent rather than ionic bonding.
(b) Carbon has four bonds in all its organic compounds
d) Carbon bonds to itself more extensively than does any other element.
e) Carbon forms stable multiple bonds.
