The fraction of the kinetic energy of the ball lost during the collision is
.
The given parameters;
- <em>initial speed of the ball, = vi</em>
- <em>final momentum of the ball, Pf = ¹/₃Pi</em>
The initial and final momentum of the ball is calculated as;


The initial and final kinetic energy of the ball is calculated as;

The change in the kinetic energy is calculated as;

Thus, the fraction of the kinetic energy of the ball lost during the collision is
.
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Displacement can be positive OR negative. The sign implies the direction of the displacement. Negative means that is is moving to the left (sometimes called West) or down (sometimes called South); positive means that is moving to the right (sometimes called East) or up (sometimes called North).
The number of protons in any element can never change.
.

<h3> Collector Current at Saturation :</h3>



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<h3> Value Of Cut - off Voltage : </h3>

Therefore ,


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<h3>Collector Current ,</h3>



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<h3> Collector to emitter Voltage : </h3>


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<h3>Q - point are :</h3>

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<h3>Q - point located on the DC load line as shown in fig ~</h3><h3 /><h3 /><h3 /><h3 />
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