Answer:
lethal
Explanation:
The genotype mm corresponds to normal length tails. On the other hand, the genotype MM corresponds to having highly abnormal brains as well as spinal cords .
Lethal alleles are the alleles which can cause death of organism. These alleles are usually result of the mutations in the genes which are essential for the growth or the development. Thus, Marble has genotype Mm and have one copy of dominant lethal allele as M corresponds to premature death.
1. Samples of a microbial colony obtained from the natural environment are not pure culture. They are mixed cultures because the environment consists of an array of microorganisms and not one specific organism. A sample obtained from the natural environment such as water or soil may contain several species of microbes that need to be further isolated to obtain a pure culture.
2. Isolation streak plate technique involves the dilution of the sample several folds and then streaking a small amount using a sterile inoculation loop on an agar plate in a zig-zag manner. This is done to obtain a pure culture of bacteria from a mixed population by separating the microprocessor. When the sample is diluted into a small concentration and is streaked onto agar placed, widely spaced, discrete colonies of bacteria can be observed. These isolated colonies can be further cultured to obtain pure cultures by picking and re-streaking them on fresh agar plates.
3. A microbial colony is considered a pure culture because it consists of single species. A single species of bacteria cluster and form an isolated colony on an agar plate which can be further plated on fresh medium.
3-1 - If your agar plate shows discrete uncluttered colonies then you have obtained an isolated colony. The following picture might help you to understand.
3-2. If you subculture isolated microbes into a sterile nutrient broth without any contamination, it will still be considered pure culture because it is single isolated species in a sterile aseptic environment of the nutrient broth.
3.3. A pure culture can become a mixed culture due to contamination. This could be caused by airborne bacteria if your conditions are not aseptic. Contamination is possible if the work area is not clean and sterile or if the glassware is not sterile. The contamination can transform your pure culture into a mixed culture and is hence problematic. So, it is very important to maintain a sterile and aseptic environment, glassware, and instruments.
Learn more about subcultured at
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A small group that rules a country after talking it over by force is called Oligarchy.
Answer:
The rock is 3.75 billion years ago.
Explanation:
Given that:
Half life = 1.25 billion years
1 billion years = 10⁹ years
So,
Half life = 1.25 × 10⁹ years
Where, k is rate constant
So,
The rate constant, k = 5.5452 × 10⁻¹⁰ years⁻¹
Initial amount [A₀] = 80 micrograms
Final amount ![[A_t]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BA_t%5D)
= 10 micrograms
Using integrated rate law for first order kinetics as:
![[A_t]=[A_0]e^{-kt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BA_t%5D%3D%5BA_0%5De%5E%7B-kt%7D)
So,
So,
<u>The rock is 3.75 billion years ago.</u>
