Answer:The basic flow of genetic information in biological systems is often depicted in a scheme known as "the central dogma".This scheme states that information encoded in DNA flows into RNA via transcription and ultimately to proteins via translation.
Living things are identifiable by:
- movement (even cellular or internal movement)
- growth and development
- response to stimuli
- reproduction
- use of energy
- cellular structure
There are lots:
Biology and Medicine - cloning and expression of human insulin in bacteria (stopped having to produce it from pig pancreases); Watson & Crick discovery of the structure of DNA; gene therapy in humans
Chemistry - determination of the exact number of molecules in a mole (Avagadro's number); discovery of radioactivity (Rutherford); the invention of nylon (DuPont); Boyle's law (behavior of gases)
Nucleotides makes up each individual strand of DNA