Answer:
The transmitted intensity through all polarizers is 
Explanation:
According to Malu's law the intensity of a polarized light having an initial intensity
is mathematically represented as

Now considering the polarizer(The polarizing disk) the equation above becomes

Where n is the number of polarizers
Substituting
for the initial intensity 3 for the n and 20° for the angle of rotation


1. B- it can cause cirrhosis
2. C- intoxication
3. A- admit to having a problem with alcohol
4. D- binge-drinking
5. A- depressant
6. true
7. false
Explanation:
Given data:
d = 30 mm = 0.03 m
L = 1m
S
= 70 Mpa
Δd = -0.0001d
Axial force = ?
validity of elastic deformation assumption.
Solution:
O'₂ = Δd/d = (-0.0001d)/d = -0.0001
For copper,
v = 0.326 E = 119×10³ Mpa
O'₁ = O'₂/v = (-0.0001)/0.326 = 306×10⁶
∵δ = F.L/E.A and σ = F/A so,
σ = δ.E/L = O'₁ .E = (306×10⁻⁶).(119×10³) = 36.5 MPa
F = σ . A = (36.5 × 10⁻⁶) . (π/4 × (0.03)²) = 25800 KN
S
= 70 MPa > σ = 36.5 MPa
∵ elastic deformation assumption is valid.
so the answer is
F = 25800 K N and S
> σ