Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy stored within carbohydrates, like molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released.
6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide + water + energy
Carbohydrates molecules that supply energy and provide support; they consist of mainly sugars or starches in long chains and rings to form monosaccharide monomers. Inclusive of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides (which describes the type of bonding and the degree of complexity of the polymers), their basic makeup comprises C, H, O -with many polar OH groups.
The energy they store, is required by all living organisms for biological processes; these undergo respiration, in order to release energy stored within its bonds, in the form of the molecule ATP.
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There is only one measure of "evolutionary success": having more offspring. A "useful" trait gets conserved and propagated by the simple virtue of there being more next-generation individuals carrying it and particular genetic feature "encoding" it. That's all there is to it.
One can view this as genes "wishing" to create phenotypic features that would propagate them (as in "Selfish Gene"), or as competition between individuals, or groups, or populations. But those are all metaphors making it easier to understand the same underlying phenomenon: random change and environmental pressure which makes the carrier more or less successful at reproduction.
You will sometimes hear the term "evolutionary successful species" applied to one that spread out of its original niche, or "evolutionary successful adaptation" for one that spread quickly through population (like us or our lactase persistence mutation), but, again, that's the same thing.
A. Survival of the fittest and natural selection are interchangeable terms.
