Answer:
b. 
Explanation:
As we know that the electric field due to infinite line charge is given as

here we can find potential difference between two points using the relation

now we have

now we have

now plug in all values in it


now we know by energy conservation


<u>Answer </u>
A. that the initial gravitational potential energy of the masses transformed into kinetic energy of the paddles and then to thermal energy in the water
<u>Explanation</u>
James Joule allowed some water to fall from a height of 1 foot. the water would turn a paddle wheel at the bottom causing a temperature of water to raise.
The height form which the water fell, mass and the temperature of water was measured and used to calculate mechanical equivalent of heat.
From the choices given the best answer is A. that the initial gravitational potential energy of the masses transformed into kinetic energy of the paddles and then to thermal energy in the water.
To solve this problem we will apply the geometric concepts of the Volume based on the consideration made of the radius measurement. The Volume must be written in differential terms of the radius and from the formula of the margin of error the respective response will be obtained.
The error in radius of sphere is not exceeding 2%

The objective is to find the percentage error in the volume.
The volume can be defined as

Differentiate with respect the radius we have,




The percentage change in the volume is as follows



Therefore the percentage change in volume is 