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France and Britain were in dispute over the land in the Ohio River Valley.
The XYZ affair led to a period of anti-French sentiment in the United States, which was problematic as the French has been the key ally during the American revolution some 20 years before and was one of the primary reasons the United States was able to defeat Great Britain.
However, over those 20 years, France had undergone a revolution of their own and the United States decided to remain neutral in France's war against Great Britain.
The Populist Party spoke for farmers and laborists