<span>Some of the plants that made up coal were various ferns, and trees that no longer exist, like the lepidodendron, which was a scaly trunk with no limbs. Calamites, which are similar to the horsetail plant seen today. Seed ferns and glossopterids, also now extinct, were a basis for coal composition.</span>
Activation energy
Explanation: It’s the energy needed to get a reaction started
The phrase dune erosion by ocean water along a shoreline best describes a density-independent limiting factor that can affect ecosystem stability (Option B).
<h3>What is a density-independent limiting factor?</h3>
A density-independent limiting factor can be defined as any factor in a given ecosystem that may alter the homeostasis of the population that lives in a given geographic area.
These factors (density-independent limiting factors) are generally abiotic factors such as hurricanes, extreme temperature conditions, the presence of contaminants in the air that hamper life in a given area, etc.
Conversely, density-dependent limiting factors are biotic factors such as competitive species that alter the development of another population.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a density-independent limiting factor is any abiotic condition that may alter the life of a population in a give geographic area and thus alter the homeostasis of the whole ecosystem.
Learn more about density-independent limiting factors here:
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Answer:
True
Explanation:
There are certain limitations associated with the Punnett Squares. They are not useful in case of complex genetic inheritance such as linkage between two genes. In case of linkages it becomes difficult to estimate the distribution of genotypes and phenotypes. For example in case of Nail-patella Syndrome and gene associated with blood group two genes lie on the same chromosome in close vicinity and hence there are high chances of inheritance of these traits in the offspring from the parent thereby causing random distribution of the two traits. This random distribution cannot be captured through punnet square.
The same problem is associated in case where a single gene is determined by multiple genes with graded effects of each gene.
