The incorrect statement is option (A) the innate defenses of the body apply strictly to external pathogens, while adaptive defenses apply strictly to internal pathogens.
Immunity can be classified into two types namely, the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against the pathogens. It includes the physical and chemical barriers of the immune system along with the action of the phagocytizing cells called the macrophages. Whereas, the adaptive immunity is mediated by the cells of the immune system called the lymphocytes. The B lymphocytes produce antibodies and are responsible for humoral immunity. The T lymphocytes produce the cell mediated immunity with the production of the helper T cell, cytotoxic T cells and attack the pathogens. Innate immune response is comparatively a faster immune response which can be activated by any foreign substance entering the body. Both the defenses work on external and internal pathogens.
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
The heart, like any organ, requires blood for oxygen and other nutrients so it can do its work. The heart does not gather oxygen or nutrients from the blood flowing inside it. Instead, it receives blood from coronary arteries that eventually carry blood into the heart muscle.
The structure that surround and protect the cell depends on the cell type: for plants cells it would be a cell wall whereas for an animal cell it would be the cell membrane :)
<h3><u>Answer;</u></h3>
is a mixture of rock fragments, living organisms, and humus
<h3><u>Explanation;</u></h3>
- Topsoil refers to the top layer of soil that is high in organic matter and nutrients, formed by the slow weathering of rocks and decaying organic matter over thousands of years.
- Topsoil is made up of organic matter, microbes, water and insects that are all needed to ensure cycling.
- Topsoil is used as the medium for all plant growth, whether it is a lawn, garden or prairie.
