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erma4kov [3.2K]
3 years ago
6

Themes are applied from which tab?

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Verdich [7]3 years ago
3 0
Themes are selected in different tabs. It varies. 
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Select the term below which is a protocol that provides a method for software components to communicate, interact, and share dat
KATRIN_1 [288]

Answer:

B. Application programming interface

Explanation:

An application programming interface (API) is an interface or communication protocol between different parts of a computer program intended to simplify the implementation and maintenance of software. An API may be for a web-based system, operating system, database system, computer hardware, or software library.

8 0
3 years ago
Search engine ranking evaluates the variables that search engines use to determine where a URL appears on the list of search res
VARVARA [1.3K]

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

Search engines are evaluated on the basis of the variables which are used by the search engines to determine where the URL appears in the list of the search results.There are certain algorithms are also implemented using these variables like panda algorithm.So we conclude that the answer is True.

3 0
3 years ago
One of the earlier applications of crypto-graphic hash functions was the storage of passwords to authenticate usersin computer s
vagabundo [1.1K]

Answer: provided in the explanation part.

Explanation:

This is actually quite long but nevertheless i will make it as basic as possible.

Question (a)  

Attack A:

One way property of hash means that we can't find the input string if given the hash value. The calculation of hash from input string is possible but it is not possible to calculate the input string when given the hash. If the hash function is properly created to have one-way property then there is no way of finding the exact input string. So this attack won't work as the one-way property of hash function can't be broken if the hash function is properly created.

Attack B:

Suppose h() is the hash function. And h(x) = m where x is the string and m is the hash. Then trying to find another string y such that h(y) = m is called finding out the second pre-image of the hash.

Although we can't know the exact initial string for sure, we can by using brute force method find out a second preimage.

This attack will take a very long time. It has the time complexity of 2n. It requires the attacker to have an idea about the kind of passwords that might be used and then brute force all of them to find the string that has the same hash. Each try will have a chance of 1/2n to succeed.

Rainbow attack using rainbow table is often used for such brute-force attack. This comprises a rainbow table which contains passwords and their pre-hashed values.

Therefore, it is not possible to determine the second preimages of h so easily.

Attack C:

Collisions refer to finding out m and m' without knowing any of them. Finding out collisions is easier than finding preimages. This is because after finding out 2n pairs of input/output. The probability of two of them having the same output or hash becomes very high. The disadvantage is that we can't decide which user's hash to break. However, if I do not care about a particular user but want to get as many passwords as possible, then this method is the most feasible.

It has the time complexity of 2n/2.

Hence, this is the attack which has the most success rate in this scenario.

Question (b)

The brute force way of finding out the password usually involves using a rainbow attack. It comprises a rainbow table with millions of passwords and their hashes already computed. By matching that table against the database, the password can be recovered.

Therefore it is often preferred to salt the password. It means we add some random text to the password before calculating the hash.

The salts are usually long strings. Although users usually do not select long passwords, so a rainbow table with hashes of smaller passwords is feasible. But once salt is used, the rainbow table must accommodate for the salt also. This makes it difficult computationally. Although password might be found in the rainbow table. The salt can be anything and thus, make brute-force a LOT more difficult computationally.

Therefore salt is preferred to be added to passwords before computing their hash value.

Question (c)

A hash output length of 80 means there can be exactly 280 different hash values. This means there is at least one collision if 280+1 random strings are hashed because 280 values are used to accommodate all the possible strings. It is not hard with today's computation power to do match against more than this many strings. And doing so increases the probability of exposing a probable password of a user.

Hence, 80 is not a very secure value for the hash length.

cheers i hope this helps!!!!

6 0
3 years ago
Look at the following structure declaration.
myrzilka [38]

Answer:

B. a tag

Explanation:

In the structure definition given below:

struct Employee

{

string name;

int idNum;  

};

Employee corresponds to the tag of the structure. The tag is used to create additional instances of the structure. For example:

struct Employee e1;

struct Employee e2;

name and idNum are members of the Employee structure and are referenced using the dot notation. e.g.,

struct Employee e1;

e1.idNum=1;

7 0
3 years ago
Alice's Restaurant Supply offers a line of specialty food products to institutional
Illusion [34]

Answer:

1) the wireless standards that can be implemented are; IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n. The pros and cons are in the attachment

2) 802.11g can be implemented in alice's restaurant. This is because it provides the fastest speed and has a wide range which will not be easily disturbed by other devices

3) Please check the attachment

4) Please check the attachment.

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
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