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3 years ago

The primary difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law is that a law:

Chemistry

1 answer:

Marat540 [252]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

The correct answer is option c) has been heavily tested through repeated experimentation

Explanation:

Scientific laws are descriptive statements of relationships between observable phenomena. Scientific theories are explanations that are inferred from observable phenomena or regularities in those phenomena.

In other words, a scientific theory is the approach of a hypothetical-deductive system that constitutes a scientific explanation or description to a related set of observations or experiments. It is based on hypotheses or assumptions verified by groups of scientists and generally covers several scientific laws. These laws become part of the basic assumptions and hypotheses of the theory that will encompass the knowledge accepted by the scientific community.

So, a theory is a set of rules that describe the behavior of a particular system and a particular rule that is present in all known theories and is therefore considered "universally applicable."

An example is modern physics. This is a set of many theories, depending on the system to study. You have, for example, quantum mechanics for small-scale systems, special relativity for high-speed objects and general relativity for very massive systems. In all of them the conservation of energy is fulfilled. Therefore, the conservation of energy is called "law", while quantum mechanics, special relativity and general relativity have the category of "theory", being limited to concrete systems.

All of the above leads to being able to say that a theory tries to explain some phenomenon and is accepted as true by the scientific community. Theories describe the behavior of some specific system. A theory may be proven over the years that is not true. A law is what is scientifically proven to be true, it is universally applicable. For example, a theory can become law when it is demonstrated, for example, mathematically or experimentally. A law can also be revised and changed, but it is generally considered true and does not usually change.

So, the correct answer is option c)

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What's the boiling point of water at 0 atmospheric pressure?

nirvana33 [79]

Answer:

The water will evaporate and fly out of the bucket; the process will not stop until there is enough water vapor in the atmosphere that the vapor pressure stops the water from boiling further.

Explanation:

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2 years ago

What type of a reaction takes place when atoms or molecules rearrange to form new substances

GREYUIT [131]

A chemical reaction happens when the atoms or molecules rearrange to form a new substance

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3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

The copper(I) ion forms a chloride salt (CuCl) that has Ksp = 1.2 x 10-6. Copper(I) also forms a complex ion with Cl-:Cu+ (aq) +

Mnenie [13.5K]

Answer: (a) The solubility of CuCl in pure water is $1.1 \times 10^{-3} M$ .

(b) The solubility of CuCl in 0.1 M NaCl is $9.5 \times 10^{-3} M$ .

Explanation:

(a) Chemical equation for the given reaction in pure water is as follows.

$CuCl(s) \rightarrow Cu^{+}(aq) + Cl^{-}(aq)$

Initial: 0 0

Change: +x +x

Equilibm: x x

$K_{sp} = 1.2 \times 10^{-6}$

And, equilibrium expression is as follows.

$K_{sp} = [Cu^{+}][Cl^{-}]$

$1.2 \times 10^{-6} = x \times x$

x = $1.1 \times 10^{-3} M$

Hence, the solubility of CuCl in pure water is $1.1 \times 10^{-3} M$ .

(b) When NaCl is 0.1 M,

$CuCl(s) \rightarrow Cu^{+}(aq) + Cl^{-}(aq)$ , $K_{sp} = 1.2 \times 10^{-6}$

$Cu^{+}(aq) + 2Cl^{-}(aq) \rightleftharpoons CuCl_{2}(aq)$ , $K = 8.7 \times 10^{4}$

Net equation: $CuCl(s) + Cl^{-}(aq) \rightarrow CuCl_{2}(aq)$

$K' = K_{sp} \times K$

= 0.1044

So for, $CuCl(s) + Cl^{-}(aq) \rightarrow CuCl_{2}(aq)$

Initial: 0.1 0

Change: -x +x

Equilibm: 0.1 - x x

Now, the equilibrium expression is as follows.

K' = $\frac{CuCl_{2}}{Cl^{-}}$

0.1044 = $\frac{x}{0.1 - x}$

x = $9.5 \times 10^{-3} M$

Therefore, the solubility of CuCl in 0.1 M NaCl is $9.5 \times 10^{-3} M$ .

7 0

3 years ago

The rock in a lead ore deposit contains 89 % PbS by mass. How many kilograms of the rock must be processed to obtain 1.5 kg of P

Zolol [24]

Answer:

Approximately 1.9 kilograms of this rock.

Explanation:

Relative atomic mass data from a modern periodic table:

Pb: 207.2;
S: 32.06.

To answer this question, start by finding the mass of Pb in each kilogram of this rock.

89% of the rock is $\rm PbS$ . There will be 890 grams of $\rm PbS$ in one kilogram of this rock.

Formula mass of $\rm PbS$ :

$M(\mathrm{PbS}) = 207.2 + 32.06 = 239.26\; g\cdot mol^{-1}$ .

How many moles of $\rm PbS$ formula units in that 890 grams of $\rm PbS$ ?

$\displaystyle n = \frac{m}{M} = \rm \frac{890}{239.26} = 3.71980\; mol$ .

There's one mole of $\rm Pb$ in each mole of $\rm PbS$ . There are thus $\rm 3.71980\; mol$ of $\rm Pb$ in one kilogram of this rock.

What will be the mass of that $\rm 3.71980\; mol$ of $\rm Pb$ ?

$m(\mathrm{Pb}) = n(\mathrm{Pb}) \cdot M(\mathrm{Pb}) = \rm 3.71980 \times 207.2 = 770.743\; g = 0.770743\; kg$ .

In other words, the $\rm PbS$ in 1 kilogram of this rock contains $\rm 0.770743\; kg$ of lead $\rm Pb$ .

How many kilograms of the rock will contain enough $\rm PbS$ to provide 1.5 kilogram of $\rm Pb$ ?

$\displaystyle \frac{1.5}{0.770743} \approx \rm 1.9\; kg$ .

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3 years ago

Why does the electrical conductivity of ionic compounds change when they are dissolved in water?

meriva

Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water, because the dissociated ions can carry charge through the solution. Molecular compounds don't dissociate into ions and so don't conduct electricity in solution. Electrical conductivity of the compound in liquid form

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3 years ago