1. I would say D.
2. I would say C.
That substance would be cathartic
Answer:
D. Yes, two hydrogen bonds could form between thymine and cytosine.
Explanation:
A hydrogen bond (often informally abbreviated H -bond) is a primarily electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen (H) atom which is covalently bound to a more electronegative atom or group, particularly the second-row elements nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F)—the hydrogen bond donor (Dn)—and another electronegative atom bearing a lone pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor (Ac).
The formation of stable hydrogen bonds depends on the distance between two strands, the size of the bases and geometry of each base. Stable pairings occur between guanine and cytosine and between adenine and thymine (or adenine and uracil in RNA).
One hydrogen bond could form between the C4 carbonyl group on thymine (a hydrogen bond acceptor) and the C4 amino group on cytosine (a hydrogen bond donor). Another hydrogen bond could form between N3 of thymine (a hydrogen bond donor) and the N3 of cytosine (a hydrogen bond acceptor). Note that the C2 carbonyl groups found on both bases are both hydrogen bond acceptors and therefore a hydrogen bond cannot be formed between them.
A) Hypertonic environment
B) Lower pH
C) Depletion of nutrients
D) Lower osmotic pressure
Answer:
A) Hypertonic environment
Explanation:
A hypertonic environment or solution contains more solute than solvents, that is, the solution in the environment has more dissolved particles, such as salt or sugar. Microorganisms are unlikely to survive in a hypertonic solution as water would be drawn out of the ells of the mircoorganisms, causing their cells to shrink.
Salts and sugars are used in preserving foods as they create a hypertonic environment that is unfavorable to bacteria and fungi that cause food spoilage.
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