Answer:
c. Less oxygen consumption per second
Explanation:
- The sarcomere is a functional unit of muscle tissue. During repeated muscle contractions, the oxygen delivery to the muscle is reduced.
- As noted in the question, the rate and load of muscle contractions are the same under both conditions but the differences in the number of contractions in the second day experiment only increase.
- So as the number of contractions increases, more time is required to work. But continuous work can lead to a shortage of oxygen. Therefore, due to low availability, less oxygen per second is consumed. Lactic acid production by anaerobic respiration through muscle tissue causes muscle fatigue.
- Considering other dubious options, there is no increase in load and there is not much power generation. At the same time, ATP consumption increases due to continuous contraction, so the cellular ATP / ADP ratio is generally reduced.
- Since the calcium release by the sarcomere is reduced during continuous muscle contraction and the contraction rate does not change, the cross-bridge cycling speed is not affected.
The energy of the ecosystem can be best described as option C. The amount of energy entering an ecosystem from the Sun is equal to the amount used by organisms plus the amount lost as heat.
Since sea urchins being deuterostomes, possess indeterminate cleavage, the separation of one cell from rest of the embryo will result in its growth into genetically identical embryo.
Deuterostomes are those species in which the formation of anus occurs before the formation of their mouth. The anus is formed from the blastopore in them. Deuterostome literally means second mouth. Example of such animals is: starfish, sea urchin, sea lily, sea cucumber, etc.
Indeterminate cleavage is the one where the cells of embryo possess the ability to give rise to complete embryo is they are separated from the actual embryo. Therefore, the cells are said to be totipotent.
To know more about indeterminate cleavage, here
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