The answer is $48.
The seller of product a has no idle capacity and can sell all it can produce at $60 per unit. outlay (variable) cost is $12. $48 is the opportunity cost, assuming the seller sells internally
It is calculated as follows:
Opportunity cost= Production cost- Outlay cost
= 60-12
=$48
Opportunity costs represent the potential benefits which any individual or investor, or any business misses out on when choosing one alternative over another.
Because the opportunity costs are generally unseen by definition, they can be easily overlooked. Understanding of the potential missed opportunities when any business or any individual chooses one investment over another investment allows for better decision making.
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Answer:
A Tying Contract
Explanation:
If a seller requires an intermediary to purchase a supplementary product to qualify to purchase the primary product the intermediary wishes to buy, it results in a tying contract. It is mostly treated as an illegal because it pushes intermediary organization to buy other products if they wishes to purchase the products which is actually needed to be purchased. Some companies make it compulsory for their intermediaries in doing so. For example, if you have to buy 10 packs of Lays, then you must be buying 5 extra boxes of Pepsi as well. It is being done because of the power and market share that company is enjoying in the market, so they take its advantage.
Marginal productivity theory assumes that a worker’s income is a function of the contribution of that worker to the value of the output. in business, this is called the "value-added" approach.
There is a correct theory called marginal productivity theory. Wages are paid at a level equal to the marginal revenue product of labor, the MRP (value of the marginal product of labor). MRP is the increase in income caused by the increase in output produced by the last employed worker.
The marginal productivity theory of income distribution proposes that each individual should receive income based on their contribution to total output. The marginal productivity theory of income distribution has been criticized for the following reasons. Income from inheritance is inconsistent with the theory.
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Answer:
Yes it is copyright infringement.
In order for someone to transfer any material (in this case music) digitally or online, it must be copied first. So when someone produces a digital sampling of copyrighted material, no matter if it only lasts a couple of seconds, it constitutes copyright infringement.
