Answer:

Explanation:
In an ideal transformer the relationship between the voltages is proportional to the ratio between the number of turns of the windings. Thus:

Where:




So, solving for 

Yes the velocity changes. Because velocity changes with direction. The object is moving around a gentle curve. The curve is not linear it is curve the direction changes a bit so obviously the velocity also changes but not much. Juts a minor change. Depends on how much curve the highway is.
Last one!
Perpendicular to the wave's energy
Hope this helps!