Question

A current 1A in the human body is extremely dangerous.

Answer 1

a) Potential difference needed: 10,000 V

b) Because the potential difference in the house is maximum 230 V

Explanation:

a)

The relationship between current, potential difference and resistance in a conductor is given by Ohm's law:

$V=RI$

where

V is the potential difference

R is the resistance

I is the current

The resistance of the human body is estimated to be as high as $100,000 \Omega$ for a dry body and as low as $1000 \Omega$ for a wet body: in this problem, we use a value in the middle,

$R=10,000 \Omega$

Therefore, the potential difference needed to produce a current of

$I=1 A$

is

$V=(10,000)(1)=10,000 V$

b)

Here we want to estimate if it is likely or not to get injured by an electric current in a house.

The amount of current that can be fatal is $I=1 A$. From part a), we saw that in order to produce this current through the human body, a potential difference of

$V=10,000 V$

is needed.

However, the electricity that reaches the houses and then is connected to the household appliances has a potential difference of

V = 230 V

This value is much lower than 10,000 V, therefore the electricity in the house is unlikely to cause injures to human body.

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