Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids. In DNA, there are four types of nucleotides each containing one of four nitrogenous bases: guanine (G), cytosine (C), adenine (A), thymine (T).
- The monomer exhibited in the figure is a NUCLEOTIDE, i.e., a purine (Adenine) nucleotide.
- A nucleotide is a molecule composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA) and a phosphate group.
- Purine bases consist of a double‐ring structure having four nitrogen (N) atoms and five carbons (C) atoms.
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Answer:
Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts lower the activation energy for reactions. The lower the activation energy for a reaction, the faster the rate. Thus enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.
<span>proton gradient</span> establishment
Chemiosmosis is the process that allows the diffusion of a
molecule or an atom through the membrane. Also, it is the movement of ions
across semipermeable membrane down their electrochemical gradients. In chloroplast,
chemiosmotic coupling is an important factor in ATP production through proton
gradient establishment.
