Well first off, Mendel’s law of segregation states that individuals possess two alleles and a parent passes only one allele to his/her offspring. Mendel’s law of independent assortment states the inheritance of one pair of factors (genes) is independent of the inheritance of the other pair. Now Mendel discovered this through his little experiment with the pea plants that showed certain traits through a particular pattern, subsequently becoming the foundation of modern genetics and heredity.
The Cell would go through interphase which is the division of cells.
This is my opinion but based on the connotations of the words I would say that an observation is the information you gather from something indirectly, like you're not asking someone a specific question. For example, if I see that someone eats everything on their plate except their carrots, i can observe that they do not like carrots. However, an interview would be directly asking a question for an answer. I do not have to watch someone not eat the carrots on their plate to know they don't like carrots because I will ask instead.