Answer:
Answer is explained in the explanation section below.
Explanation:
Penetration refers to the proximity of electrons in an orbital to the nucleus.
Deeper-penetrating electrons have less shielding and therefore a higher Effective nuclear charge (Zeff), but they better shield other electrons.
To illustrate penetration, we may use the idea of Zeff, or effective nuclear charge. It's actually the difference between the number of charged protons and the number of shielded electrons. To put it another way, how effective the nucleus is at attracting electrons. Since they do not shield themselves, the core electrons penetrate the most and are exposed to the most strong nuclear charge.
The electron probability density is highest in the orbital's centre or nucleus for 28-orbitals.
In a multi-electron unit, the electron density near the nucleus of an atom for each shell and subshell of an electron is used to measure the nucleus penetration by an electron.
Since it has a higher electron density near the nucleus, the 2s electron penetrates the nucleus of the atom more than the 2p electron.
A 2s electron is less well shielded by the core electrons than a 2p electron because it can spend more time near the nucleus as a result of the penetration.
Mathematical Expression:
v = 
Answer:
7.90×10²¹ formula units
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Mass of Cu(NO₃)₂ = 2.46 g
Formula units of Cu(NO₃)₂ =?
From Avogadro's hypothesis,
1 mole of Cu(NO₃)₂ = 6.02×10²³ formula units
Next, we shall determine the mass of 1 mole of Cu(NO₃)₂. This can be obtained as follow:
1 mole of Cu(NO₃)₂ = 63.5 + 2[14 + (3×16)]
= 63.5 + 2[14 + 48]
= 63.5 + 2[62]
= 63.5 + 124
= 187.5 g
Thus,
187.5 g of Cu(NO₃)₂ = 6.02×10²³ formula units
Finally, we shall determine the formula units contained in 2.46 g of Cu(NO₃)₂. This can be obtained as follow:
187.5 g of Cu(NO₃)₂ = 6.02×10²³ formula units.
Therefore,
2.46 g of Cu(NO₃)₂ =
(2.46 × 6.02×10²³)/187.5
= 7.90×10²¹ formula units
Thus, 2.46 g of Cu(NO₃)₂ contains 7.90×10²¹ formula units
Answer:
Dalton's theory are based on the two laws that are: Law of conservation of mass and law of constant composition. This theory basically described their properties of atoms.
This theory state that all the atoms are made up of matter which are invisible and in the elements all the atoms are identical in mass and properties.
"For example; water is a covalent compound which is formed by the covalent bonding between hydrogen and oxygen atoms."
Answer:
radiation is measured using the conventional unit rad or the SI unit gray (Gy). The biological risk of exposure to radiation is measured using the conventional unit rem or the SI unit sievert (Sv).
