The second one changes in the amount of atmospheric gases because it think it might effect everyone including plants and animals because will all breath the same air rather than a mountain building it might affect the animals that like there.
F is the symbol for Force! The units of force are newtons or because force is made up of mass (kg) x acceleration (meters/second squared) we can say the units for force is just a blend of these.
So units for force is newtons or kg per meter squared.
Both of these units are correct for force.
M is the symbol for Mass! The units for mass are kg
A is the symbol for acceleration, the units for acceleration are meters per second per second ( ms^2)
Two traits that we are examining are the color (purple/white) and the smoothness.
In our sample, we have 135 individuals ( 75 +28+24+8= 135).
Since we know that expected ratio of a dihybrid cross, is <span>9:3:3:1 we can calculate what is the expected values of each phenotype is.
So, for the white wrinkled phenotype, we expect that there will be one-sixteenth of the whole sample ( there are 16 parts of the whole sample 9+3+3+1=16).
So, we multiply the whole sample- 135 with one-sixteenth (or </span>0.0625) and get 8,4375.
When you calculate the values for all phenotypes you get results shown in the attached excel table.
When you have your expected and experimental values you compare them with a chi-square test. (The test determines if the difference between the expected and experimental results is statistically significant).
Hypertonic- the water moves out of the cell
Hypotonic- the water moves into the cell
Isotonic- no water movement