Ti plasmid encoded octopine and nopaline catabolism in Agrobac terium Ti plasmid-encoded genes required by the micro organism for opine catabolism.
The occ and noc areas in octopine and nopaline Ti plasmids, respectively, are accountable for the catabolism of octopine and nopaline in Agrobacterium. The functions are activated within the presence of the opines with the aid of OccR and NocR, related regulatory proteins, and the promoters incorporate commonplace collection motifs.
we have investigated Ti plasmid in heterologous interactions among the regulators and the promoters. previous experiments the usage of all possible heterologous combos of opines, regulators, and promoters in vivo had demonstrated that handiest the aggregate of nopalme, NocR, and the occ promoter led to restricted promoter activation. We now display that OccR and NocR bind to the heterologous promoters in vitro and in vivo.
The weak or non-existent promoter activation truly located can be explained by the idea that OccR and NocR use distinct activation mechanisms; we investigated protein-brought about DNA bending due to reports that the two regulators vary in this respect.
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Notice the large difference in the number of hydrogen ions on the two sides of the membrane. This difference is a hydrogen ion, or proton, concentration gradient. The energy associated with this gradient is used to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi. This occurs at the ATP synthase complex.
Explanation:
In eukaryotes, there are two distinct types of cell division: a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis), and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis).
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What are specialized cells
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E. have a variable region that binds to a specific antigenic determinant.
