The equilibrium membrane potential is 41.9 mV.
To calculate the membrane potential, we use the <em>Nernst Equation</em>:
<em>V</em>_Na = (<em>RT</em>)/(<em>zF</em>) ln{[Na]_o/[Na]_ i}
where
• <em>V</em>_Na = the equilibrium membrane potential due to the sodium ions
• <em>R</em> = the universal gas constant [8.314 J·K^(-1)mol^(-1)]
• <em>T</em> = the Kelvin temperature
• <em>z</em> = the charge on the ion (+1)
• <em>F </em>= the Faraday constant [96 485 C·mol^(-1) = 96 485 J·V^(-1)mol^(-1)]
• [Na]_o = the concentration of Na^(+) outside the cell
• [Na]_i = the concentration of Na^(+) inside the cell
∴ <em>V</em>_Na =
[8.314 J·K^(-1)mol^(-1) × 293.15 K]/[1 × 96 485 J·V^(-1)mol^(-1)] ln(142 mM/27 mM) = 0.025 26 V × ln5.26 = 1.66× 25.26 mV = 41.9 mV
You just need to convert it into moles per Liter (mol/L).
0.0815mol / 0.550L = 0.148mol/L
Ionization Trend: First ionization energy will increase left to right across a period and increase bottom to top of a family (column).
A) Sr, Be, Mg are all in column 2 of the periodic table. Based on the first ionization rule above, from increasing to decreasing energy, the order is: Be, Mg, Sr
B) Bi, Cs, Ba are all in the same row of the periodic table. Based on the first ionization rule above, from increasing to decreasing energy, the order is: Bi, Ba, Cs
C) Same rule as above. Order is: Na, Al, S
Carbohydrates are substances that are found in foods such as bread and pasta, which provide the body with heat and energy. Chemically, carbohydrates are made of three kinds of elements namely carbon , hydrogen and oxygen.
Carbohydrates are separated into two main categories, simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.
Simple carbohydrates are those that contain one or two sugar molecules linked together. Complex carbohydrates are those that contain three or more sugar molecules linked together. In some cases these chains can contain hundreds of sugar molecules.
Newton’s second law of motion is a dot product of mass and acceleration, if you remove the table from, under the book, gravity will act on the book and pull it downwards to the centre of the earth
Newton's Second law of motion states that "<em>the </em><em>acceleration</em><em> of an object depends upon </em><em>two</em><em> </em><em>variables</em><em> – the net force acting on the object and the mass of the object.</em>"
In our case the mass of the book and the force of gravity
Learn more about Newton's Laws of motion:
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