For photosynthesis, ATP helps to provide energy needed for the carbohydrate synthesis in the Calvin/Benson/Bassham Cycle.
And in cellular respiration, they create 36 ATP, that is broken up into three different parts. First, is that they come from glycolysis, which is the first step in breaking down glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. Next comes the Krebs Cycle, which oxidizes the pyruvate formed during the glycolytic breakdown of glucose into Carbon Dioxide. Finally, we have the Electron Transport Chain, where a series of complexes transfer electrons from a redox reaction which happens during the aerobic respiration.
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The first organisms in the food chain are the producers. These are the plants. Their role is to capture energy from the sun and turn it into chemical energy that is then used by every other organism in the community.
Answer:
b. reducing molecules
Explanation:
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (abbreviated NAD +, and also called diphosphopyridine nucleotide and Coenzyme I), is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, as it consists of two nucleotides linked through their phosphate groups with a nucleotide that contains an adenosine ring and the other that contains nicotinamide.
In metabolism, NAD + participates in redox reactions (oxidoreduction), carrying electrons from one reaction to another.
Coenzyme, therefore, is found in two forms in cells: NAD + and NADH. NAD +, which is an oxidizing agent, accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced, forming NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD +. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, especially as a substrate for enzymes that add or remove chemical groups of proteins, in post-translational modifications. Due to the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in the metabolism of NAD + are targets for drug discovery.
