Given two points
and
, the equation of the line passing through them is

This formula, however, only works if the points don't share any of the two coordinates. Otherwise, one of the two conditions is true:

And at least one of the denominators in the formula above will vanish.
So, if two points share the same x coordinate, they lie on the vertical line x=k, where k is the shared x coordinate.
Similarly, if two points share the same y coordinate, they lie on the horizontal line y=k, where k is the shared y coordinate.
In your case, the x coordinate is the same, so the points lie on the vertical line x=10.
Let Q(t) = the mass (mg) remaining after t hours.
We are told that Q diminishes by 3% every hour.
When t = 0, Q = 4 mg
When t = 1, Q = 4*0.97 mg
When t = 2, Q = 4*(0.97)² mg
By induction,

Q'(t) = 0.97Q
Therefore the rate of decrease is 3% per hour.
The person receives an additional dosage when Q falls to 0.50 mg. This happens when

After the second injection, the mass is now 4.5 mg. Therefore

When the mass again reaches 0.50 mg, then

Answers:
(a)

(b) 3% per hour
(c) 68.3 hours
(d) 72.1 hours
Your answer would be, <span>No, it is not a valid inference because her classmates do not make up a random sample of the students in the school </span>