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mamaluj [8]
3 years ago
8

The muscle cells of people with muscular dystrophy lack a protein, called dystrophin, that helps maintain the sarcoplasmic retic

ulum of muscle cells. as a result, the sarcoplasmic reticulum allows calcium ions to leak out. why would this condition affect muscle function?
Biology
1 answer:
bonufazy [111]3 years ago
6 0

Answer: It will affect muscle contraction because it is needed for the formation of muscle contraction cross-bridge.

Explanation: During muscle contraction calcium binds to troponin, a protein complex that regulates muscle contraction by exposing the binding site of actin filament. Actin filament active site is where myosin head binds to, creating a cross-bridge using enzyme ATPase to speed the reaction. Calcium ion are needed to activate troponin movement, otherwise it stays in its inactive form blocking the active site of actin filament. Without calcium ions, troponin will not move and there will be no muscle contractions.

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Match the following:Part A1. Transverse foramina present.2. No canals or foramen present. It articulates superiorly with the sac
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Answer:

1. Transverse foramina present: Cervical

2. No canals or foramen present. It articulates superiorly with the sacrum: Coccyx

3. Receive the most stress: Lumbar

4. Attach to ribs: Thoracic

5. Articulates with hip bones of the pelvis: Sacrum

Explanation:

The vertebral column is a <u>series of 33 bones called vertebrae</u> that play a key role in organ protection, movement of body, and overall support. The column has been divided into <u>5 different regions</u> with the number of bones.

<u><em>1. Cervical Vertebrate</em></u><u>:</u> These are the group of <u>seven vertebrae of the neck</u>, start immediately below the skull. Two cervical bones C1 and C2 are unique in function. They are responsible for the movement of the head.  They have <u>transverse foramina</u> which <u>gives passage to vertebral artery and vein</u>.

<em><u>2. Thoracic Vertebrae:</u></em> They are a group of twelve small bones that form the vertebral spine in the upper trunk. The function of the thoracic vertebrae is to articulate with ribs to produce the bony thorax.

<em><u>3. Lumbar Vertebrae: </u></em>This is the largest segment of the vertebral column that consists of 5 bones between the rib cage and pelvis. They <u>carry all of the upper body weight</u> providing flexibility and movement to the trunk region.  This is why it can <u>receive the most stress easily</u>.

<em><u>4. Sacrum Vertebrae: </u></em>There are 5 sacral vertebral fused bones. It <u>connects to the hip bones and play role in forming a strong pelvis</u>.

<em><u>5. coccyx Vertebrae:</u></em> These are a group of 4 fused bone. There is <u>no vertebral canal due to a lack of vertebral arches</u>. They <u>provide </u>an <u>attachment site for muscles</u> ligament and tendons. They also <u>play a role in stabilization and support</u> while sitting.

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