Although (1) (2) and (3) are modern-day uses of selective breeding, they are relatively recent developments in human history, only used for the past century or less. (4) is correct because the selective breeding of domestic animals to produce new varieties of dogs, cats, etc. has been used for thousands of years, dating back to the ancient Chinese and Egyptian dynasties.
I think the cauae of substitution they involve swapping of one nucleotide for another during DNA repliction.For example,during repliction,a thymine nucleotide might be inserted in placed of a guanine nucleotide
