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IRISSAK [1]
3 years ago
11

_____ is a stepwise series of enzyme-mediated reactions that collectively build, remodel, or break down an organic molecules.

Biology
1 answer:
Anna11 [10]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Metabolic Pathway

Explanation:

This is the interconnected  routes or steps of biochemical reactions that takes place in cells. It is usually facilitated by presence of enzymes. It is initiated with the activity of enzymes on substrates  to form an intermediate products, which  breakdown to  the final products.  The latter can be absorbed directly by the cells or acted upon by another enzymes as substrates . However,the substrates acted upon and final products formed are called the  metabolites.

Based on the energy released or absorbed by the cells  during biochemical reactions, metabolic pathways can be;

Catabolic where  the  breakdown of complex substances into simpler form  involved  the release of large amount of heat. (exergonic). e,g Glycolysis,

and  

when the pathways involved the absorption of large amount of energy (endergonic) during the  synthesis of    new complex products, from  simple substances  the reaction is Anabolic. e,g protein synthesis from amino acids

Chemically both processes are interconnected to complement one another. The heat energy liberated during catabolisim is used by anablolic pathways  for efficiency.This is to  ensure relatively homeostatic status of the body systems with availability of needed metabolites.

Further some metabolic pathways can be both Ana- and Cata-bolic in their pathways, they are said to be Amphibolic. Example of this is in Kreb's Cycle.

The sequence of pathways interconnected pathways of   breaking down and forming of new molecules in cells is called metabolisms.

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The macromolecule that contains lots of Nitrogen atoms within it would be Nucleic Acids, either DNA or RNA.
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Analysis of the second swab has confirmed that the causative organism is Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram-positive organism. Imagi
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Purple, spherical-shaped organisms arranged in chain like formations.

Explanation:

Bacteria are the microscopic organisms and included in the prokaryotes as they do not have nucleus. Two main types of bacteria are gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria.

The gram positive bacteria has thick cell wall peptidoglycan cell layer and can uptake the crystal voilet stain. These bacteria seems purple under the microscope due to the uptake of stain. The bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes are spherical in shape and occurs in the cluster of chain.

Thus, the correct answer is option (d).

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What should you do during a tornado if you are already inside a building such as a house or a school?
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Go somewhere where there aren't any windows
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In the Calvin cycle the conversion of energy poor carbon dioxide into energy rich glucose
rodikova [14]

Answer:

D)NADPH is made

A)ATP is used

Explanation:

Sorry to ask the two questions, I asked why the two options are in the process:Reduction. In the second stage, ATP and NADPH are used to convert the 3-PGA molecules into three-carbon sugar molecules, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ( G3P ). At this stage, it gets its name because NADPH donates, or reduces , electrons to a three-carbon intermediate to form G3P.[Ocultar detalhes]

The reduction stage of the Calvin cycle, which needs ATP and NADPH, converts 3-PGA (produced in the fixation stage) into a three-carbon sugar. This process takes place in two main stages:

Simplified diagram of the reduction step of the Calvin cycle showing the carbon atoms, but not the complete molecular structures. A 3-PGA molecule first receives a second phosphate group from ATP (generating ADP). Then, the doubly phosphorylated molecule receives electrons from NADPH and is reduced to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This reaction generates NADP + and also releases an inorganic phosphate.

Simplified diagram of the reduction step of the Calvin cycle showing the carbon atoms, but not the complete molecular structures. A 3-PGA molecule first receives a second phosphate group from ATP (generating ADP). Then, the doubly phosphorylated molecule receives electrons from NADPH and is reduced to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This reaction generates NADP + and also releases an inorganic phosphate.

First, each 3-PGA molecule receives a phosphate group from ATP, becoming a doubly phosphorylated molecule called 1,3-bisphosphoglyceride (and leaving an ADP as a by-product).

Second, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate molecules are reduced (gain electrons). Each molecule receives two electrons from NADPH and loses one of its phosphate groups, becoming a three-carbon sugar called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) . This step produces NADP^+

+

start superscript, plus, end superscript and phosphate (\text P_iP

i

start text, P, end text, start subscript, i, end subscript) as by-products.

The chemical structures and real reactions are:

Reactions of the Calvin cycle reduction step, showing the molecular structures of the molecules involved.

Reactions of the Calvin cycle reduction step, showing the molecular structures of the molecules involved.

The ATP and NADPH used in these steps are products of the photo-dependent reactions (first stage of photosynthesis). That is, the chemical energy of ATP and the reducing potential of NADPH, both produced with the use of light energy, keep the Calvin cycle running. Conversely, the Calvin cycle regenerates ADP and NADP^+

+

start superscript, plus, end superscript, providing the necessary substrates for photo-dependent reactions.

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Chromosome is to cactus as gene is to a needle.
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