Oxygen has a strong double bond which has more stability than the single co-ordinate bond in ozone, therefore more energy is required to break the O2 bonding than ozone, so the ozone molecule is more reactive than oxygen gas. ... The oxygen free radical contains two unpaired electrons in its valence shell.
100%.....50%.....25%......12.5%......6.25%......3.125%......1.5625%
...........1............2...........3..............4.................5................6..................
After six half-lives would be found 1.5625% of readioactive species.
B. light reflects off of the t shirt and enters the human eye
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
hope this helped sorry if its wrong!
Answer:
Explanation:
From the information given:
Mass of carbon tetrachloride = 5 kg
Pressure = 1 bar
The given density for carbon tetrachloride = 1590 kg/m³
The specific heat of carbon tetrachloride = 0.84 kJ/kg K
From the composition, the initial volume of carbon tetrachloride will be:![= \dfrac{5 \ kg }{1590 \ kg/m^3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B5%20%5C%20kg%20%7D%7B1590%20%5C%20kg%2Fm%5E3%7D)
= 0.0031 m³
Suppose
is independent of temperature while pressure is constant;
Then:
The change in volume can be expressed as:
![\int ^{V_2}_{V_1} \dfrac{dV}{V} =\int ^{T_2}_{T_1} \beta dT](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cint%20%5E%7BV_2%7D_%7BV_1%7D%20%5Cdfrac%7BdV%7D%7BV%7D%20%3D%5Cint%20%5E%7BT_2%7D_%7BT_1%7D%20%5Cbeta%20dT)
![In ( \dfrac{V_2}{V_1}) = \beta (T_2-T_1)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=In%20%28%20%5Cdfrac%7BV_2%7D%7BV_1%7D%29%20%20%3D%20%5Cbeta%20%28T_2-T_1%29)
![V_2 = V_1 \times exp (\beta (T_2-T_1))](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=V_2%20%3D%20V_1%20%5Ctimes%20exp%20%28%5Cbeta%20%28T_2-T_1%29%29)
![V_2 = 0.0031 \ m^3 \times exp (1.2 \times 10^{-3} \times 20)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=V_2%20%3D%200.0031%20%5C%20m%5E3%20%20%5Ctimes%20exp%20%20%281.2%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-3%7D%20%5Ctimes%2020%29)
![V_2 = 0.003175 \ m^3](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=V_2%20%3D%200.003175%20%5C%20m%5E3)
However; the workdone = -PdV
![W = -1.01 \times 10^5 \ Pa \times ( 0.003175 m^3 - 0.0031 \ m^3)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=W%20%3D%20-1.01%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E5%20%5C%20Pa%20%5Ctimes%20%28%200.003175%20m%5E3%20-%200.0031%20%5C%20m%5E3%29)
W = - 7.6 J
The heat energy Q = Δ h
![Q = mC_p(T_2-T_1)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q%20%3D%20mC_p%28T_2-T_1%29)
![Q = 5 kg \times 0.84 \ kJ/kg^0 C \times 20](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q%20%3D%205%20kg%20%5Ctimes%200.84%20%5C%20kJ%2Fkg%5E0%20C%20%5Ctimes%2020)
Q = 84 kJ
The internal energy is calculated by using the 1st law of thermodynamics; which can be expressed as;
ΔU = ΔQ + W
ΔU = 84 kJ + ( -7.6 × 10⁻³ kJ)
ΔU = 83.992 kJ