Answer:
Innate immunity is a nonspecific defense mechanisms that play its role as soon as an antigen appear in the body (it is relatively rapid but nonspecific and because of that it is not always effective)
Explanation:
The barries of innate immunity are:
Skin: At Epidermal surface, its protective aspect are keratinized cells that lives on the surface, known as Langerhans cells.
Skin sweat or secretions: Their specific defense is sweat glands and sebaceous glands, and their protective aspect is low ph and washing action.
Mucosal surfaces: they are at the mucosal epithelium, and their protect aspects are nonkeratinized epithelial cells.
Oral cavity: They defend salivary glands through Lysozyme
Answer:
systematics is the correct answer.
Explanation:
- The modern approach to classification, with the broader goal of reconstructing the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of organisms is: systematics.
- Systematics plays an important role in the field of biology.
- Carl Linnæus is the father of Systematics.
- Systematics refers to the study of the diversification,nomenclature, and classification of the living organism in the past and also in present.
- Systematics is used to understand the evolutionary relationship and the purpose of systematics is to describe and explain biological variety.
- The main objective of systematics is to identify species and to give scientific names to organisms, it used to determine the arrangement of the living organism and to study the evolutionary history of organisms.
Answer:
1. Substitution
2. Insertion and deletion
3. Amino acids can have more than one codon that signals for it. Due to this, some substitutions don’t affect the protein at all.
Explanation:
1. Substitution sometimes isn’t as impactful. It can result in the same amino acid to be signaled as the original one since amino acids can have more than one codon signaling for it.
2. Insertion and deletion are also known as frameshift mutations. This is because they shift the codon spots by adding or deleting a nucleotide.
