Okay this is the basic when there is a - + + = -
8)
is -0.896 radians
9) length of arc is 41.91 cm
Solution:
8)
Given that,

is in quadrant 4
To find: 
From given,

Thus value of
is -51.34 degrees
Convert degrees to radians

Thus
is -0.896 radians
9)
From given,
radius = 15.4 cm

<em><u>The length of arc when angle in radians is:</u></em>

Thus length of arc is 41.91 cm
None parallel means they are the same but are side by side, they don't touch or meet