Biotic factors include animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists. Some examples of abiotic factors are water, soil, air, sunlight, temperature, and minerals.
D. Lava plateau
They are formed when lava flows from the volcano & build up over time as the molten lava is deposited & cools.
The correct answer is option A, that is, development often causes habitat fragmentation, which can threaten biodiversity.
Fragmentation is usually illustrated as a reduction in some of all the kinds of natural habitats in a landscape, and the differentiation of a landscape into smaller and more isolated segments. With the development of the fragmentation process, the ecological influences will modify.
Fragmentation can be a result of natural procedures like floods, fires, and volcanic activity, but it is more generally caused due to human activities like an increase in the number of roads, housing developments, shopping centers, and parking lots.
With the enhancement in human activities, the effect of fragmentation become more. Eventually, it results in the devastating influences on the local species, a complete modification to the landscape, and the loss of the region's wilderness heritage.
