Answer:
SUBSTITUTION BIAS
Explanation:
Substitution bias occurs when a customer decides to purchase a substitute of a good after the prices becomes cheaper than the goods they normally purchase. It rises as a problem in price index due to the fact that customers/buyers can decide to change or substitute goods at an instant because of changes in prices. In situations like this, customers tend to avoid the whole increase in prices by changing to cheaper substitutes. Substitution generally is a consumer changing or substituting an expensive product for a cheaper one due to changes in prices. This usually leads to inflation rate been overestimated or overstated.
Answer:
26.16%
Explanation:
Internal rate of return is the discount rate that equates the after-tax cash flows from an investment to the amount invested
IRR can be determined using a financial calculator
CO = -80,000
C1 = $15,000
C2 = $25,000
C3 = $35,000,
C4 = $45,000
C 5 = 55,000
IRR = 26.16
To determine IRR using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. After inputting all the cash flows, press the IRR button and then press the compute button.
<span>Invertebrates is the largest group in the animal kingdom. 97 percent of all animals are invertebrates. Their main characteristic is that they </span>do not have backbones.<span>
Invertebrates have an </span>exoskeleton which provides a support framework.Exoskeleton<span> is an external anatomical feature that supports and protects the animal's body. </span>
Here are the answers of the given question above. The decision-makers that <span>experience scarcity are the following: governments, companies, and individuals, except for capital goods since capital goods is not a decision-maker. Hope this is the answer that you are looking for. Have a great day!</span>
Answer:Yield to maturity is 9.59%; After tax cost of debt =7.672%
Explanation:
A) Yield to maturity ={ C + (FV-PV)/t} / {(FV +PV)/2}
Where C – Interest payment = $90
FV – Face value of the security
= $1000
PV – Present value/curent market value = $960
t – years it takes the security to reach maturity= 10 years
imputing the values and calculating,
yield to maturity ={ C + (FV-PV)/t} / {(FV +PV)/2}
= $90 + (1000-960)/10} / 1000 + 960 /2
$90 + 4= $94 /980= 0.0959
therefore Yield to maturity is 9.59%
B) After tax cost of debt = Yield To Maturity x (1 - tax rate)
=9.59% x (1-20%)= 9.59% x (1-0.2 )= 9.59% x 0.8 =
9.59 % x 80%=7.672%
