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Naddik [55]
3 years ago
12

ViT2 = V2T, V = V2

Chemistry
1 answer:
shusha [124]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

V₂ = 285 mL

Explanation:

Given data:

Initial volume of bag = 250 mL

Initial temperature = 19.0°C

Final temperature = 60.0°C

Final volume = ?

Solution:

The given problem will be solved by using Charles Law,

This law stated that " The volume of given amount of gas at constant pressure and constant number of moles is directly proportional to its temperature"

Mathematical relationship:

V₁/T₁  = V₂/T₂

Now we will convert the temperature into kelvin.

Initial temperature = 19.0 + 273 = 292K

Final temperature = 60.0 + 273 = 333K

Now we will put the values in formula:

V₁/T₁  = V₂/T₂

250 mL / 292K  =  V₂/ 333K

0.856 mL /K = V₂/ 333K

V₂ = 0.86×333K. mL /K

V₂ = 285 mL

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Now, in this case, the methyl group is a weak activating group in the molecule of benzene, and is always ortho and para director for the simple fact that this molecule (The methyl group) is a donor of electrons instead of atracting group of electrons. Therefore for these two reasons, when the nitration occurs,it will go to the ortho or para position.

Now which position will prefer to go? it's true it can go either ortho or para, however, let's use the steric hindrance principle. Although the methyl group it's not a very voluminous and big molecule, it still exerts a little steric hindrance, and the nitro group would rather go to a position where no molecule is present so it can attach easily. It's like you have two doors that lead to the same place, but in one door you have a kid in the middle and the other door is free to go, you'll rather pass by the door which is free instead of the door with the kid in the middle even though you can pass for that door too. Same thing happens here. Therefore the correct option will be mostly para.

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