1. 
where in a population:
p - the frequency of the <em>A</em> allele
q - the frequency of the <em>a</em> allele
- the frequency of the <em>AA</em> homozygous genotype
- the frequency of the <em>aa</em> homozygous genotype
2pq - the frequency of the <em>Aa</em> heterozygous genotype
A population at equilibrium will have the sum of all the alleles at the locus equal to 1.
2. Conditions:
A. The breeding population must be large
B. No natural selection
C. The mating must occur randomly
D. No mutations to cause changes in allelic frequency.
E. No changes in allelic frequency due to immigration or emigration.
3. By comparing the actual genetic structure of a population with what we would expect from a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can determine how much it deviates from the baseline provided by the mathematical model. Depending on how large the deviation is, one or more of the model's assumptions are being violated. Thus, we can attempt to determine which one.
Heat can be transferred from one object to another since, If there is a temperature difference between two systems, heat will always find a way to transfer from the higher to the lower system.
Kinetic energy can be transferred from one object to another, when two objects crash. One example of kinetic energy being transferred from one object to another would be a collision of pool balls, Since one ball would hit another causing it to move. Also Kinetic Energy is, “The <u>energy</u> of motion, observable as the movement of an object, particle, or set of particles. Any object in motion is using kinetic energy: a person walking, a thrown baseball, a crumb falling from a table, and a charged particle in an electric field are all examples of kinetic energy at work.”
And last but not least, Thermal Energy which, is often referred to as heat. The thermal energy of matter depends on how fast the atoms or molecules are moving. The faster they are moving, the more thermal energy they possess. Therefore, the temperature of the matter would be higher. Thermal energy is a form of kinetic energy. One example of Thermal energy being transferred from one object to another is, Thermal energy from a hot stove is transferred to a metal pot and causes the water molecules to move faster increasing the temperature of the water. Fun fact; Thermal Energy can be transferred in three ways known as, Conduction, Convention, Radiation.
<span>All four nucleotides (adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine) are synthesized in the liver. The nucleotides can be synthesized de novo or recycled through salvage pathways. The synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, not within a specific organelle. The components which are used for the nucleotide synthesis are derived from biosynthetic precursors of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and from ammonia and CO2.</span>
Answer:
Scientific theories are based on large amount of evidence
Explanation:
