Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
Answer:
The correct answer is option C. they amplify the original signal manyfold.
Explanation:
A phosphorylation cascade is a chain or sequence of the reactions that are categorized by the events where one enzyme phosphorylation another up-to phosphorylation of thousands of proteins.
The phosphorylation cascade can be experienced in involving the protein kinases as they the signal transduction of different cellular hormone messages due to their ability to amplify the original signal multiple time and make it more effective.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Yes aftwr you can est it.
Answer:
Despite the hours of sunlight a city receives, the latitude of the city plays a larger role due to the fact that with a higher latitude, the higher the solar angle allowing a city to be much warmer.
Explanation:
