Energy balance also has to do with what’s going on in your cells. When
you’re in a positive energy balance (more in than out) and when you’re
in a negative energy balance (more out than in), everything from your
metabolism, to your hormonal balance, to your mood is impacted.
Calm and collective. Counseling also.
Answer: Third-order neurons
Explanation:
Third-order neurons in the thalamus, brainstem, and midbrain project to the central nervous system, which allows pain perception and interpretation.
Also, the limbic and reticular tracts are activated by third-order neurons, resulting in arousal and emotional responses to pain.
When stimulated, nociceptors (first-order neurons) in the skin, muscles, joints, arteries, and viscera transmit pain impulses to the spinal cord.
Second-order neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord transmit the pain impulse to higher brain areas via spinal pathways.
The thalamus is the primary relay station for pain impulses.
