In the coding region, natural selection tends to eliminate all of the mutations because of the high importance these regions have. The coding region contains genes that synthesize proteins and the changes in the DNA sequence can have devastating effects on the cell. Therefore, there are very few differences in the sequences of coding regions that can help us trace the lineage.
On the other hand, in the non-coding regions, the mutations often accumulate because they have little effect on the cell and the adaptive value of the organism. This enables us to trace up the lineage by comparing the sequences and seeing the differences in the sequences.
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Answer:
Anatomy. Species may share similar physical features because the feature was present in a common ancestor (homologous structures).
Molecular biology. DNA and the genetic code reflect the shared ancestry of life. DNA comparisons can show how related species are.
Biogeography. The global distribution of organisms and the unique features of island species reflect evolution and geological change.
Fossils. Fossils document the existence of now-extinct past species that are related to present-day species.
Direct observation. We can directly observe small-scale evolution in organisms with short lifecycles (e.g., pesticide-resistant insects).
Answer:
4. D (enzymes 1 and 3 works equally well in an acidic and alkaline environment respectively)
5. C. 2; 7; 9.5
Explanation:
The image attached to this question shows a graphical representation of the pH ranges for three enzymes. According to the image;
- Enzyme 1 reached its peak reaction rate at pH 2 (acidic)
- Enzyme 2 reached its peak reaction rate at pH 7 (neutral)
- Enzyme 3 reached its peak reaction rate at pH 9.5 (basic)
This result means that enzymes 1, 2 and 3 will work well and effectively at an acidic, neutral and alkaline environment respectively. Likewise, the optimal pH level for enzymes 1, 2 and 3 are 2; 7; and 9.5 respectively.
