They define acids as proton donors, and bases as proton acceptors
If you were to have:
HNO3 + H2O -> H3O+. + NO3-
You can see that the nitric acid (HNO3) gave a hydrogen ion which has 1 proton, 0 neutrons and 0 electrons to the water so we just say that it gave a proton.
Now let's see a base
NH3 + H2O -> NH4+ + OH-
Now, you can see that the ammonia (NH3) gained a hydrogen ion (proton) from the water to become ammonium(NH4). which means it accepted a proton
That's basically it. Feel free to ask if you have any further questions
Answer:
Explanation:
Given that:-
Moles of K = 1.10 moles
Moles of Te = 0.55 moles
Moles of O = 1.65 moles
Taking the simplest ratio of the moles of the elements as:-
K : Te : O
1.10 : 0.55 : 1.65
2 : 1 : 3
Empirical formulas is the simplest or reduced ratio of the elements in the compound. So, the empirical formula is:-
The three things are increasing temperature, grinding calcite, and using catalyst are applied to make the reaction occur quickly.
Explanation:
To make the reaction occur more quickly the following three things are done.
Increasing temperature:
Increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of molecules. This results in increase in the velocity and rate of collisions between reactants. Hence, greater the number of collisions between reactants per time greater will be the probability of formation of product per unit time.
Grinding Calcite:
Grinding of calcium carbonate results in the increase of surface area of calcite. So greater the surface area greater is the exposure of calcium carbonate to HCl molecules, thus the rate of formation of product increases.
Using Catalyst:
By using the catalyst it decreases the activation energy and increases the rate of reaction by following methods they are providing new pathway, weakening the bonds, providing surface area and holding up the reactant close to each other.
Reverse both reactions to get the final reaction proposed. When you reverse a reaction, you just flip the sign on the enthalpy of reaction. Then add the two.
-92.0 kJ - 340. kJ = -432 kJ
